The authors called these fibers the longissimus thoracis pars lumborum. These fibers began from lumbar accessory and transverse processes and ended on the medial surface of the posterior superior iliac spine. Macintosh and Bogduk (1987b) found fibers of the longissimus thoracis muscle that are confined to the lumbar and sacral regions. It is innervated by lateral branches of the thoracic and lumbar posterior primary divisions. This muscle functions to hold the thoracic and lumbar regions erect, and laterally flexes the spine when it acts unilaterally. The longissimus thoracis muscle also attaches onto the transverse processes of all 12 thoracic vertebrae. It ends superiorly on the third through twelfth ribs, between their angles and tubercles (see Chapter 6). ![]() This muscle is the longest muscle of the back, thus the name longissimus. In addition, many fibers begin from the transverse and accessory processes of the lumbar vertebrae (see Chapter 7). It arises from the common origin of the erector spinae muscles (see Iliocostalis Lumborum). ![]() The longissimus thoracis muscle is the largest of the erector spinae muscles. Cramer, in Clinical Anatomy of the Spine, Spinal Cord, and Ans (Third Edition), 2014 Longissimus thoracis
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